Shakespeare Genius or Overrated Essays - William Shakespeare

Shakespeare: Genius or Overrated? Shakespeare is broadly viewed as one of the most significant authors to ever have lived, if not the most significant one. In England, yet over the greater part of the world. In his time, Shakespeare was viewed as an incredible narrator what's more, he was unbelievably well known. It didn't make a difference what class you were in, all individuals could come and appreciate a play by William Shakespeare since he addressed the basic man. Hundreds of years after the fact, we despite everything study him since his accounts despite everything reverberate today. His convincing characters and various stories are still the absolute generally well composed enlightenments of the human experience. Shakespeare composed for the individuals. Furthermore, today, all individuals will have perused a Shakespeare play. In any case, I direct have seen the contention against Shakespeare, particularly when I was a secondary school understudy. Each time the instructor reported we would peruse a Shakespeare play straightaway, there was consistently a perceptible moan. Numerous young people, and grown-ups so far as that is concerned, feel they can't associate with Shakespeare on account of the language. In any case, each year my colleagues would rediscover that they could in certainty comprehend Shakespeare's accounts. At the point when we read Henry V, each military whelp in the room left with the Band of Brothers discourse retained. Most young ladies in the room identified with the high schooler anxiety of Romeo and Juliet. Individuals who had been undermined or deceived felt a solid association with Othello. What's more, our senior year, perusing Hamlet appeared to make all of us reexamine our fates and who we needed to be in the following sections of our lives. So truly, while the distinction in language can at first

Paranoid Schizopreina Essay Example For Students

Suspicious Schizopreina Essay Suspicious SchizophreniaJust in light of the fact that they truly are out to get you doesnt mean you arent distrustful. - Steven BrustParanoid schizophrenia is a genuine, long lasting condition that prompts numerous difficulties, including self-destructive conduct. Jumpy Schizophrenia is one of the few kinds of schizophrenia, an interminable psychological instability where an individual puts some distance between the real world. The exemplary highlights of jumpy schizophrenia are having fancies and hearing things that are not genuine. This paper will talk about the key indications, causes, treatment and anticipation of jumpy schizophrenia. Key SymptomsDelusions and mind flights are the manifestations that make suspicious schizophrenia generally particular from different sorts of schizophrenia. You are more averse to be influenced by state of mind issues or issues with speculation, focus or thinking. In neurotic schizophrenia, a typical fancy is that you are being singled out for hurt. For example, you may accept that the legislature is observing each move that you make or that a collaborator is harming your lunch. You may likewise have fancies of loftiness the conviction that you can fly, that you are renowned or in a relationship with an acclaimed individual. You clutch proposals deceptions in spite of proof actually. Dreams regularly bring about hostility or brutality, particularly on the off chance that you trust you should act in self-protection against the individuals who need to hurt you. A sound-related fantasy is the view of sound, typically voices, that nobody else hears. The sounds might be a solitary voice or numerous voices. These voices may talk either to you or to one another. The voices are generally undesirable. They make continuous reactions of what you are thinking or doing, or offer barbarous remarks about your genuine or envisioned flaws. Voices may likewise order you to do things that can be destructive to yourself or others. At the point when you experience the ill effects of neurotic schizophrenia, these voices are genuine to you. You may even converse with or yell at the voices. Causes Paranoid schizophrenia and different types of schizophrenia are mind issue. Hereditary qualities and condition assume a key job in causing neurotic schizophrenia. The exact reason is obscure. Certain components may build the danger of creating or activating suspicious schizophrenia including: family ancestry, introduction to infections while in the belly, poor nourishment while in the belly, upsetting life conditions, more established pre-birth age, and ingesting psychoactive medications during youth. Treatment and PreventionIf your primary care physician or psychological wellness supplier presumes that you may have distrustful schizophrenia the individual will run a progression of test. These tests will help pinpoint a finding, and preclude different issues that may cause some comparable side effects. These test may include: a physical test, lab testing, and a mental assessment. To be determined to have neurotic schizophrenia, you should meet the indication standards illuminated in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental issue. ( www.mayoclinic.com)Diagnostic rules incorporates a distraction with at least one dreams, and incessant sound-related mind flights. Neurotic schizophrenia is an interminable condition that requires long lasting treatment, in any event, when you have periods when you feel much improved and indications have lifted. You might be enticed to disregard or stop treatment, however viable treatment can control your condition and lead to a more joyful life. The primary treatment strategies for jumpy schizophrenia are: medicine, psychotherapy, hospitalization, electroconvulsive treatment, and professional abilities preparing. Jumpy schizophrenia isn't a condition that can be forestalled. Proof gives that a few indications of schizophrenia may even be available from youth. Notwithstanding, to keep scenes from happening as often a few stages can be followed. Accept your drugs as coordinated, regardless of whether you are not feeling great. Evade medications and liquor as these will in general intensify the side effects of suspicious schizophrenia. Focus on the notice signs and check before consolidating different meds to your day by day routine.

A Series of Embarrassing Events, Part 2

A Series of Embarrassing Events, Part 2 My PE class for the quarter is zumba, taught by a very cheerful, coordinated, muscular brunette named Ashley. It is held in the T-Club Lounge, a room with mirrors for walls, from 9-10am on Mondays and Wednesdays. At 10am, I have Astrophysics lecture, so I scurry from the Z-Center to the third floor of Building 36. To allow for these kinds of circumstances, MIT PE classes begin at 10 minutes past the hour, and end at 10 minutes before the hour. On Wednesday, I had every intention of going to zumba, but two thirds of the way there I realized that I had forgotten to print my Astrophysics pset (I typed up answers in LaTeX.) So, I doubled back, acknowledging that I wouldnt be able to attend that morning; Ashley has a rule that if we dont show up for the warm-up, we cant get credit for the session. The MIT PE department lets you make up an absence by attending a session of a class that you have taken previously; I decided to attend yoga. I clicked my way to the PE site, saw that yoga was offered in the T-Club lounge at noon, printed a make-up form, and went. I arrived a few minutes before noon; I figured that even though classes start at ten past, it would be worth showing up early to get the form signed. The first thing I noticed: the class was already full. 25 +/- 3 students sat or lay on yoga mats, stretching and warming up. The second thing I noticed: roughly a third of the crowd were men, which is a lot more than any other yoga class Ive been to. The third thing I noticed: everyone in the room seemed old. No one looked like an undergraduate. I dismissed all three of these oddities, and asked the instructor to sign my form. She said that she would do it after class, and told me to go to the back closet and retrieve two sets of weights, a mat, and a gigantic white foam cylinder. Uhhh. What? Weights? A fourth oddity, that I dismissed. I figured that one could do yoga holding a pair of weights, if the routine was too easy. I probably just wouldnt use them. In the back closet, as I deliberated over which to select, a girl (who turned out to be a graduate student in Materials Science) asked whether this was my first time. I said yes. She suggested that I take the lightest set. Struggling to carry everything, I picked a spot at the back corner of the room. Right at noon, the instructor stood up, and began throwing out expressions; everyone knew what these meant, and moved through a warm-up routine. I was astonished that she had managed to teach the group all of those routines in the first day of PE classes, and managed to stumble along, wondering why she hadnt gotten the memo that PE classes start at ten past the hour, not ON the hour. Five minutes later, she yelled PUSHUPS! and the entire room dropped to the floor and began doing pushups. Mind whirling in horror, I dropped to the ground like Id been shot. There was no time to wonder why we were doing this in a yoga class; on my knees (the big toe on my left foot is currently broken) I slapped my palms on either side of my mat and began lowering and raising my torso. After I had gotten to the point that I couldnt physically do any more, the instructor told us to stand up, pick up our weights, and do bicep curls. Then what I can only describe as a tricep curl. Too little time, and too much pain, to think about what was happening. A few minutes later, I found myself holding my weights at a 90 degree angle to my body, arms trembling. A few minutes after that, I found myself lying on my side, hips pressed down and legs and upper torso lifted into the air. I was acutely aware of every abdonimal muscle in my body. While lying on my back, knees lifted, doing a long set of crunches, the instructor began talking into her mic. Heeeyyy everyone! she began. I know 95% of the people in this room- since there were fewer than 30 people in the room, I understood this to mean that I was the only newcomer - which is super-exciting! For those of you who are new, my name is Maura*..and this is BODY SCULPT! *I dont actually remember her name. Memory clouded with pain. What. Body sculpt? As in, trying to make your body look like this or this? I DONT THINK POSEIDON DID YOGA TO MAKE HIS BODY LOOK LIKE THAT. Was this not the T-Club Lounge? Was it not noon? WHAT WAS HAPPENING? At that point, it was 12:20, and my muscles were already giving out. I considered leaving, but didnt want to seem like a wimp. In any case, I was too busy doing lunges to quit. At 12:30, I found myself lying on my stomach, lifting my upper torso up repeatedly. I had the misfortune of facing a man whose biceps ballooned from the size of grapefruits to the size of watermelons every time I lifted up. It washumbling, and terrifying. At 12:45, the other students in the class started giving up on using their weights. One by one, weights clunked to the ground, as people settled with just lifting their arms; that was tiring enough. I still held onto my little weights, even though at that point they felt like roughly the weight of my neighbors biceps. There was something satisfying about that. At 1, class ended. Somehow, I was alive. Feeling precisely the opposite of sculpted jelly-like would be more accurate I blobbed over to the closet and put my weights away. Maura (or whatever her name was) signed my form. I found out later that afternoon that yoga was on Tuesdays and Thursdays at noon, not Mondays and Wednesdays; I attended a one-hour body sculpt class for the public. The next morning, I woke up, and tried to sit up to turn on my lamp. NOPE. My abs declined my request. I ended up having to roll myself onto the ground before I could stand. When I laugh, I am reminded of all the trunk lifts and leg lifts and crunches. When I sit down, I am reminded of all the lunges and squats. I cant lift my arm higher than parallel to the ground. To point at stars last night, I used momentum to swing my arm high enough, which amused my friend. My pecs protest violently when I try to press my hands together. Open my arms wide enough to give someone a hug? Pecs, lats, and underarms say: forget about it. It does feel good to be so sore. I obviously got a good workout. I will become a BEAST if I do this twice a week. Call me crazy, but Im tempted to change my MW routine to zumba in the morning, body sculpt in the afternoon

Oskar Schindler A Hero Study Essay - 1066 Words

CONFLICT AND RELEVANT BACKGROUND Oskar Schindler faced many conflicts in his life. The main conflict he faced was overcoming the Nazis and saving over one thousand Jewish People. Schindler, with out a job at the time, joined the Nazi Party and followed on the heels of the SS when the Germans invaded Poland. This is when Schindler took over two previously Jewish owned companies that dealt with the manufacture and sales of enamel kitchenware products and opened up his own enamel shop right outside of Krakow near the Jewish ghetto. There, he employed mostly Jewish workers, which saved them from being deported to labor camps. Though twice the Gestapo arrested him, he got released because of his many connections and with many bribes. Most†¦show more content†¦He saved over one thousand Jewish people from going to labor or death camps. He risked his life for people he has never even met. Schindler received word that a train of evacuated Jews from Golezow camp was stranded in the nearby city of Svitavy. As he has done twice before, Schindler pulled some strings at the top and got permission from German officials to take his workers to the nearby station to rescue the stranded. Once at the station, they forced the doors open to the rail car and saved about one hundred half frozen Jews and did their best to nurse the ill back to health, and those who did not survive received a proper Jewish burial. Also, the actions of Oskar Schindler determined the fate of the Jewish. He set up his own enamel factory and employed a little under one thousand Jews. Schindler again pulled some strings and opened a new factory in a new location making defective bullets for German guns. â€Å"Beyond this day, no thinking person could fail to see what would happen,† Schindler said. â€Å"I was now resolved to do everything in my power to defeat the system.† That is exactly what Schindler did too. Though many Jews died because of the holocaust, Schindler did save over one thousand Jews from death, which practically saved an entire race from becoming extinct. InShow MoreRelated Oskar Schindlers Actions During the Holocaust Essay examples1534 Words   |  7 PagesOskar Schindlers Actions During the Holocaust The Holocaust usually refers to Nazi Germanys systematic genocide of various peoples during the Second World War, the main target of this designed massacre being the Jews. Approximately 6 million Jews became the victims of this fanatical racism, slaughter, and cruelty. However, in all this madness, there were still a few people with sound conscience and courage to act against these atrocities. The most famous of these heroes would be Oskar SchindlerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night And The Movie 1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough major changes due to their experiences of the Holocaust, a period in history no man would want to envision. Schindler’s List is created to convey a different side for the tragic time in history, an ordinary businessman. This businessman, Oskar Schindler, wants to prove that there will be hope in this desperate time. However, the motive behind Night is different. In Night, the author Elie Wiesel aims to describe his experiences in the Holocaust to avoid the past from reoccurring. Hence, NightRead MoreThe Persecution Of Jews From Death And Labor Camps2247 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"There was no choice.† Schindler said these words, reflecting on his moral decision to save over 1000 Jews from death and labor camps. He knew there was a right way, and also a wrong way, morally, and that he had no other option. For other industrialists in Schindler s position, it wasn t as easy a choice. During the Third Reich, German industrialists had a moral decision to make: whether to cooperate with the Nazis and profit from the persecution of Jews, or to resist and risk their lives andRead MoreDisadvantages Of Charismatic Leadership1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe great and awesome role of being a leader has been scrutinized, studied and dissected by many scholars. The scholars have evolved from a more primitive thought of leadership as being a trait that one is born with. We have learned through many studies that leadership can be le arned. A charismatic leader should be fully responsible for the results of their followers’ actions. Albeit, they should be autonomous, the leader maintains a control. That being said, the followers are responsible for creatingRead MoreAdolf Hitler s Role During The World War I1902 Words   |  8 Pagesas Carl) Lutz, Feng-Shan Ho, Varian Fry, Raoul Wallenberg, and, probably the most well-known, Oskar Schindler. These people helped out many Jews during the Holocaust. Each of their stories are special in their own ways. Just like someone who isn’t as well-known: Dr. Adelaide Hautval, a victim of the holocaust. She was a rescuer, too, and yet Oskar Schindler is more well-known than she is. Unlike Schindler, however, Hautval was a prisoner in one of the work camps. But each Holocaust rescuer has theirRead MoreConsumer Change Environment1199 Words   |  5 Pagesowners to purchase from sustainable providers, and if they support stronger regulation of modern agricultural practices . First, consumers can promote positive change in their environment if they move to support local sustainable farming. Several studies have shown that smaller sustainable farms expel much fewer production emissions when compared to larger industrial farms. The Climate Crisis at the End of Our Fork explains that, †¦small-scale sustainable farms use much fewer fossil fuels and haveRead MoreIrena Sendler: A Little Known Holocaust Hero1976 Words   |  8 Pagesstill people that stood up for what they believed in and did whatever they could to make a difference, even if it meant death for them. There are many different people who are heroes of the Holocaust such as Oskar Schindler, Raoul Wallenberg, and Giovanni Palatucci. This paper will focus on a hero that was not as well known. Her name is Irena Sendler. Sendler’s constant courage every single day changed the fate of at least 2,500 Jewish children during the Holocaust. Throughout this paper you will learnRead MoreUnexpected Valor!1209 Words   |  5 Pagesthat. Frank Foley is not a very commonly known hero of the Holocaust because he never once accepted any thanks or retribution for the wonderful things he did (Smith 1-273). He was born in November of 1883 and grew up as a poor son of a locomotive engine fitter(Smith 1-273). He was the third of five children born to Andrew and Isabella Foley. As a young boy Foley aspired to be a priest and at the age of eighteen he went to St. Joseph’s college to study(Smith 1-273). After a short time there, however

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1736 Words

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is a serious and sometimes terrifying condition that affects a small amount of people, but in a significantly large way. Those living with PTSD struggle daily to find peace within themselves to be able to heal properly and live a life as normal as possible. Holden Caulfield, from the novel Catcher in the Rye, is an instance of a teenager suffering with PTSD, trying to find his way out of the dark and into happiness. PTSD is a serious condition caused by severe trauma that affects people in similar ways, which requires treatment, much like Holden experiences in Catcher in the Rye. Few people actually know what PTSD is and the symptoms that occur with it because they have not had to deal with it personally. PTSD is defined by the experts as an illness affecting a person going through hard times and experiencing demanding thoughts after a traumatic event has occurred in their life (Sudden Bereavement:). People suffering with PTSD want to forget the hard times they are going through, therefore they resort to depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorder (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)). These actions are similar to the things Holden does Catcher in the Rye. In this novel, Holden does things such as drink alcohol, smoke, and hires a prostitute so he can try to forget the pain he is feeling and dealing with constantly. â€Å"7.7 million Americans 18 and older have PTSD† (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)). Provided that, about 2Show MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

Cyp Core 3.1 Understand Child and Young Person...

Understand how to monitor children and young people’s development and interventions that should take place if this is not following the expected pattern. 3.1 Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods. Methods: Observation. Children can change according to who they are with and whether they know that they are being watched. This means that you will need to observe children in a range of different situations, e.g. with other children, playing by themselves and when they are with an adult. It is also important to see what children can do when they do not know that an adult is watching them. This is sometimes known as naturalistic observation as in theory we are watching children being†¦show more content†¦After something seems important or interesting, the person who saw or heard it tells the observer about it. The observer can then write it down in a diary, event recording or just add it into the child’s or young person’s records. Time Sampling. Time sampling allows you to look at what a child does over a period of times, such as morning or part of an afternoon. This means that you gain a more complete picture of the child. This type of observation needs some planning, as the observer needs to keep an eye on the children. A sheet is prepared with the times marked out. At the each of the times on the sheet, the observer watches what the child is doing. It is possible to record the activity of more than one child. Event Sample. This observation method is used to look at how often and in what circumstances a child shows a particular behaviour such as biting. It can also be used to find out about how often a child talks or plays with other children. A prepared sheet is drawn up in advance after considering carefully the type of information that needs to be collected. A column is put down for each piece of information. When the behaviour is seen, the person has seen it should fill in the sheet. Checklist. Checklists are popular, especially where people are working with large groups of children. Many checklists are commercially produced, but it is also possible to design your own. Checklists are easy to use because they focus the observer onShow MoreRelatedLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE  © Copyright 2011 All rights reserved worldwide.    Reproduction by approved CACHE centres is permissible for internal use under the following conditions: CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in Microsoft Word format to enable its Centres to use its content more flexibly within their ownRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 PagesF/601/3327 TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 5 H/601/4065 TDA 3.5 Develop professional relationships with children, young people andRead MoreWell Being of Children and Young People7337 Words   |  30 PagesTANDY: REF No: DG66205 UNIT 3 /CODE CYP CORE 3.3 UNDERSTAND HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN amp; YOUNG PEOPLE TASK 1 TO LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ASSESMENT CRITERIA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 1.1 The first children’s act was brought out in 1989 to make it easier for the laws which protected children and young adults. It was mad clear that all children had rights and all the children services should work together in the event of any allegations of child abuse. England amp; Wales producedRead MoreEssay about Dcypw Cyp Core 3.79411 Words   |  38 PagesCYP Core 3.7: Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people. 1.1 Describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children and young people. Every one is an individual and so everyone has individual needs. It is important that as a practitioner that I always take this into consideration and consider the fact that each child will also experience their own personal situations which are unique to them. These unique situations oftenRead MoreDuty of Care Assignment Level 3 Cache Diploma7178 Words   |  29 Pages34 PRICIPLES FOR IMPLEMENTING DUTY OF CARE IN HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE OR CHILDRREN’S AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S SETTINGS 1.1 Explain what it means to have a duty of care in your own work role Wikipedia describes â€Å"a duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others†. I understand that a Duty of Care within my work role requires many things. Firstly, the children areRead MoreSocial, Emotional Moral Development Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesPage 1 PIN no: 30146194 ULN no: 9158839584 Course no: E150DWC3561U CYP Core 3.1: Understand child and young person development 1.1. Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 years. Aspects of development should include * Physical * Communication * Intellectual/cognitive * Social, emotional and behavioural * Moral Social and emotional development is the development of the child’s identity and self-image, relationships and feeling aboutRead MoreCyp Core 3.4: Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety.1724 Words   |  7 PagesUnit Title CYP Core 3.4: Support children and young people’s health and safety. 1.1: Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services. There are a lot of factors to take into account when planning a healthy and safe indoor or outdoor environment and service. These will include the needs and requirements of the children/young person firstly. The service should meet the needs of the children and young people, such as changing theRead MoreUnderstand Child Development and Young Person Development - 1.12161 Words   |  9 Pagesfor the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) Unit Ref: L/601/1693 CYP Core 3.1: Understand Child Development and Young Person Development Rosanna King Learning Outcome 1: Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth – 19 years. Assessment Criteria 1.1: Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years. Answer to 1.1: Below I have explained the sequence and rate of each development from birth – 19 yearsRead MoreEssay on Child Care2272 Words   |  10 PagesCyp core 3.2 1.1-Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. When assessing a child you must be careful to take into account confidentiality before carrying out an observation you must have parents and the settings permission and not to leave confidential material lying around they must be secured in a locked cabinet. Only talk to authorized personal about confidential material. This confidentially can only be broken when a child is at real risk. When carryingRead MoreUnderstand Child and Young Persons Development 0-19 Essay example3909 Words   |  16 PagesMARCIA MCKENZIE Unit – 506 Level 5 CYP | Units Criteria | ‘’We are moulded by and re-moulded by those who have loved us; and though the love may pass, we are nevertheless their work for good or ill’’ ( Francois Mairlac) 1. Explain the sequence of development that would normally be expected in children and young people from birth to -19 years.Children have certain basic, physical and psychological needs and if these needs are not met then growth psychological developmental

Bilingual Education Essay Research Paper What is free essay sample

Bilingual Education Essay, Research Paper What is Best For the Children? The controversial argument over English submergence and bilingual instruction plans has effects in about every school system. Advocates of bilingual instruction believe that it is necessary for kids to be instructed in their native lingua and bit by bit be introduced to English or else they may fall buttocks in school. Supporters of English submergence say that bilingual instruction plans hinder the acquisition procedure of the English linguistic communication, therefore retarding the larning potency of a kid. English submergence supports the? sink or swim? thought of plunging a limited English proficiency ( LEP ) kid in an about wholly English-speaking environment. English submergence protagonists so rely on the thought that LEP kids will? swim? after being thrown into such a state of affairs, and finally catch up to the remainder of their schoolmates. Are bilingual instruction plans a hinderance to larning English? If they are, should plans where kids are forced to larn English thr ough about complete submergence be used in topographic point of bilingual instruction plans? To reply these inquiries right, a full apprehension of the advantages and disadvantages of both plans is required. It is of import to first understand the techniques and ends of the bilingual instruction plan before make up ones minding if the plan is harmful to a pupil? s potency to larn English. The Godheads of bilingual instruction strongly believe in the thought that learning proficient topics, such as math and scientific discipline, in English can be harmful to a kid? s development in that topic. The end of bilingual instruction is to learn kids mathematical and scientific constructs in a kid? s native linguistic communication while learning him or her colloquial English on the side. Several noted bookmans back up this technique and experience that pupils larning the English linguistic communication should be taught all academic topics in their native linguistic communication for no fewer than five, and sooner seven, old ages ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . The cognition and accomplishments that are acquired after five to seven old ages of direction in a pupil # 8217 ; s prim ary linguistic communication will reassign to the his or her English speech production ability ( Research Agenda for Adult ESL ) . The same bookmans besides believe that such academic direction in the pupil? s native linguistic communication is necessary for pupils to profit from typical schoolrooms ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . Like most modern-day theoretical accounts of bilingual instruction, kids will derive competence needed to last in a normal schoolroom. Supporters of English submergence plans feel that an attack where kids spent a great trade of their academic clip utilizing English would convey a kid closer to proficiency at a more rapid gait than a bilingual instruction plan. English submergence protagonists think that the best manner to go comfy with a linguistic communication is to utilize it every bit much as possible. Supporters say that the lone times that a kid non adept in English should be spoken to in his or her native linguistic communication would be to clear up a point, to assist a kid to finish a undertaking, or to reply a inquiry ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . After about a twelvemonth in English submergence plans kids should be fluid plenty to come in into regular schoolrooms ( Put a Stop to Bilingual Education? Manana ) . Unlike bilingual instruction, the Godheads of English submergence believe that English direction in an academic category, even a proficient one, will profit a kid that is in the pr ocedure of larning English, because the footings used in proficient categories will about ever be new to both proficient and non proficient kids. While measuring both plans it is of import to retrieve that some jobs that can non be solved by submergence or bilingual instruction. One such job is happening the perfect age to get down learning the English linguistic communication to a individual. Some bookmans have argued that at an early age it is easier for a kid to larn a new linguistic communication through submergence because the kid has non to the full developed his or her native linguistic communication. These same bookmans have agreed that for older people who have well developed their native linguistic communication, a bilingual instruction plan would be more good. Both submergence and bilingual instruction plans argue that their plan is the best manner to learn any kid at any age. In actuallity, both groups are right and both are incorrect. There has neer truly been an age set in rock as the best age to get down learning a individual English. Most immersion plans stand by the doctrine that? You have to jam all the English you can into immigrant childs while they are immature and it is still easy for them to larn a linguistic communication? ( Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching a Language ) . It is true, to some extent, that kids have an advantage over grownups to larn a new linguistic communication. However, kids besides have some important disadvantages. Children # 8217 ; s disadvantages compared to grownups hold to make with their life experiences. The younger the kid, the fewer the experiences ( Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching a Language ) . And experiences mean lingual experiences in at least one linguistic communication, which makes it easier to larn another ( Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching a Language ) . The more instruction a individual has, in general, the easier it will be for him or her to larn a new linguistic communication. To truly understand this state of affairs, see these conjectural inquiries. Assuming the same exposure to the linguistic communication, who will cognize more English at the terminal of the twelvemonth, the male parent or one of his childs? The male parent may talk with an speech pattern and his spelling may non be perfect, but his ability to state what he wants to state will be far greater because of his higher degree of instruction. Who will cognize more English six old ages subsequently? In some ways, the male parent, in so far as linguistic communication reflects a edification of constructs and life experiences. However, in the terminal, the kids will quite likely surpass their male parent, presuming they stay in school and go at least as educated than their male parent. From these illustrations, it should be clear to see that there are excessively many factors that vary from individual to individual to acquire an accurate estimation for the ideal age to get down English direction . Not merely is at that place no specific age to get down learning English to LEP pupils, but there is no cogent evidence that native linguistic communication direction benefits a pupils? cognitive and academic growing. The basis of most modern-day theoretical accounts of bilingual instruction is that content cognition and accomplishments lea rned in a student’s primary linguistic communication will reassign to English one time the pupil has experienced between five and seven old ages of native linguistic communication direction ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . Research performed by the National Academy of Sciences gives perfectly no concrete, empirical research that would back up this proposition. The National Academy of Sciences, nevertheless, supports the usage of native linguistic communication direction. The National Academy of Sciences is cognizant of the contradictory nature of their support and acknowledges: ? It is clear that many kids foremost learn to read in a 2nd linguistic communication without any serious negative effects? ( The Changing Face of Bilingual Education ) . The National Academy of Sciences? support is mostly due to political force per unit area and should non over shadow the fact that there is no direct cogent evidence that links native linguistic communication direction to academic success. Bilingual instruction plans use native linguistic communication direction to do an LEP pupil proficient in English while keeping the pupil? s assurance and emotional stableness ( Bilingual Education ) . Senator Tom Johnson, from South Dakota, agrees that? Developing bilingual accomplishments will let pupils and households to beef up cultural apprehensions and better professional plans for pedagogues at Batesland School. Besides, bilingual plan [ s ] will supply pupils with a greater apprehension of their civilization and will heighten their sense of individuality and ego regard? ( Johnson, Daschle Announce Grant for Batesland School? s Bilingual Education Program ) . Self-esteem that is gained from bilingual instruction plans leads to assurance. The assurance is a consequence of the LEP pupil being able to pass on better in his or her native linguistic communication. The pupil will hence be more receptive to learning because of good communicating between the instructor and the pupil. See the following scenario to understand the positive effects of bilingual instruction: School is at first bewildering, but Senora Roman and Ms. Miller and all your Spanish-speaking schoolmates make you feel OK. Books in Spanish and English and your schoolmates? narratives about life in your Mexican hometown are all over the school. Social surveies and linguistic communication humanistic disciplines incorporate rich bicultural cognition assemblage and job work outing into the standard grade-level course of study. Your category writes e-mail messages and portions undertakings with a category in Mexico through the web Orillas. You can see that cognizing how to read and compose good in both English and Spanish is an advantage for acquiring a good occupation, and the school unit on callings gives you many new involvements to research ( Accelerated Schooling for English Language Learners ) . The described scenario is an illustration of a common state of affairs in which an LEP pupil would profit from bilingual instruction. English submergence plans place their accent on larning the English linguistic communication, by giving about all academic direction in English. Goals for English submergence are geared more toward the kid larning English every bit shortly as possible, instead than sing the pupils emotional state of affairs. The advantage of submergence is that a pupil will larn English good plenty in about a twelvemonth to be moved into a regular schoolroom. Most parents believe that a schools? first precedence with immigrant pupils should be to learn English. Two in three parents overall say it is more of import for the public schools to learn English every bit rapidly as possible to new immigrants, even if those pupils fall behind in other topics ( Bing An American Is a Privilege ) . In a bilingual instruction plan the same LEP pupil could take every bit many as seven old ages get to the same degree of speech production and understanding English. Several instructors agree that pupils in submergenc e categories are picking up spoken English faster than pupils in bilingual instruction plans. Ron Unz, a politician who fierily supports submergence, ? . . . [ I ] s convinced that when statewide trial tonss are released on July 1 they will demo that pupils who spent the twelvemonth in English submergence categories fared dramatically better than those who stayed in traditional bilingual plans? ( Put a Stop to Bilingual Education? Manana ) . Students in submergence plans may go defeated but the consequence will be a higher familiarisation with the English linguistic communication and a higher degree of communicating and competence. Bilingual instruction and English submergence plans both have strengths over the other. Bilingual instruction uses native linguistic communication insruction to do a familiar and comfy acquisition environment for an LEP pupil. The pupil is besides able to confidently communicate in his or her native linguistic communication alternatively of holding to fight with words he or she has most likely neer used earlier. communicating in a native linguistic communication increases the pupil? s ego regard and assurance. English submergence helps a pupil to larn the English linguistic communication at a faster gait than bilingual instruction. The pupil will so hold a higher familiarisation with the English linguistic communication that will take to a higher degree of communicating and competence. It is normally rather simple to find which plan will accommodate the demands of an single pupil. The challenge is to find which plan will profit the bulk of LEP pupils. Even after 1000000s of dollars i n research, the inquiry of which plan is best for the kids is still unreciprocated. Burt, Mariam. ? Research Agenda For Adult ESL. ? Center For Applied Linguisticss 14 Sept. 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cal.org/ncle/agenda/index.htm. 5 Sept. 1999. Chavez, Linda. ? Bing an American is a Privilege. ? USA Today Magazine April 1999: 1. Daschle, Thomas. ? Johnson, Daschle Announce Grant For Batesland School? s Bilingual Education Program. ? FDCH Press Release 17 May 1999. Gersten, Russell. ? The Changing Face of Bilingual Education. ? Educational Leadership April 1999: 41. Maceri, Domenico. ? Bilingual Education Goes Beyond Teaching Language. ? The Houston Chronicle 20 May 1998: A29. McCann, Jeanne. ? Bilingual Education. ? Education Week On The Web 16 Aug. 1999. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.edweek.org/context/topics/biling.htm. 5 Sept. 1999. Thomas, Wayne. ? Accelerated Schooling for English Language Learners. ? Educational Leadership April 1999: 46. Wildavsky, Ben. ? Put a Stop to Bilingual Education? Manana. ? U.S. News and Report 5 Apr. 1999: 41.

How to Read Literature like a Professor Study Guide Flashcard

How to Read Literature like a Professor Study Guide

Atomic Structure essays

Atomic Structure essays The nucleus has more than 100 protons and more than 150 neutons, the nucleus is a very small part of an atom. Both the atom and the necleus can be thought of as spheres. Then both volumes of the atom can be compared with the volume of the nucleus alone, because the volume of a sphere is proportional to the cube of its radius. The space outside the nucleus is occupied only by electrons. The observation has led to the empty space concept of matter. Ernest Rutherford , a British physicist, performed an experiment that strongly suggested that the positive charge of an atom located in a very small nucleus. Rutherforth's experiment made use of polonium, a radioactive element that gives of positvely charged particles. These particles are called alpha particles. A steam of these particles was allowed to strike a thin sheet gold or copper. Behind the metal foil was a fluorescent screen. This diagram showes what Ernest Ruthefold and his colleges observed. Most of the alpha particles passed through the metal foil with very little interference. Each time one of the alpha particles hit the flourescent screen, a flash of light was given off.Few particles did not pass though the foil. Rutherford found that a very few alpha particles was deflected by more than 90Â °. Because of these experiments , he made a nuclear model of the atom, which described the atom with its nucleus, and an atoms lack of energy charge. An atom is electrically neutal because it has negatively charged particles,or electrons,that balance the positive charge of the nucleus. The electrons are present in the empty space surrounding the nucleus. The atomis number is the number of positive charges in the nucleus of an atom. Each proton carries one positve charge. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number never changes. The mass of an element is given units called atomic mass uni ...

Hagar Currie Shipley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hagar Currie Shipley - Essay Example She does manage, however, to marry the exciting, thrilling and rebellious part of the human spirit to the hard-working, achieving and socially acceptable side finally, in her grandchildren. Through all of this, Laurence makes Hagar an unforgettable character because we learn through the book she is a real person with wants and needs and dreams. As the reader learns, Hagar Shipley's dreams were so simple, she didn't even know what they were until it was almost too late. At three crucial points in the book, Hagar speaks about the things she wants. The first time is a bluff. When Hagar returns from two years at school "down East," she confronts her father about what she plans to do. "I want to teach. I can get the South Wachakwa school," she defiantly tells him (p. 43). But it is as though she expects a conflict, and is even looking forward to one. She knew that her father was just like her -- very stubborn and blunt -- and she goes in to the confrontation with full knowledge of his response. What it appears that Hagar wants is not to teach, but some affection from her father, or even just some sign that he is capable of affection. The only time Hagar ever saw him express anything resembling an emotion was when she hid in the chokecherry bush at the cemetery as he and No-Name Lottie Drieser's mother apparently terminate an affair (or attempted affair) after the death of her husband. During the confrontation with her father, he reaches an even higher level of rage, which he takes out on the newel post, the knobby carving at the top of the wooden stair railing. He wrings the neck beneath the head-like newel post like the neck of a person. When he expresses, however briefly, that he needs her around, he grips her hand so tightly, it hurts. Instead of recognizing their need for each other, and for the simple expression of affection that is natural for a father and daughter, the encounter ends badly. Hagar pulls away as though she had just touched a hot stove. She has gotten what she wanted: a sign that she is important to him, but in all her pride, cannot go after him when he goes outside. In this she is just like him; they are both proud in destructive ways. This first simple dream, to be loved by one's parent, remains out of her reach because Hagar lets it remain there. At this point in the book, three years pass quickly. Hagar has done what her father wanted, ex cept she rejects all his suitors. In short order, she meets Brampton Shipley and embarks on an ill-advised marriage that flouts everything she was raised to believe. The next time Hagar speaks of a dream, it is many years later when she has returned to the Shipley home while her estranged husband Bram is dying. She insists that what she wants is for her younger son John to be happy. By this point, Hagar has identified John as the true heir of her father, rejecting her hard-working but plain older son Marvin. She has refused, all these years, to see that John is like Bram, and John is the one who must tell her. She had a clue many years before when she gave John her father's clan pin and he just sticks it in his pocket. John later trades the pin for a worthless knife, which ultimately is worth only a pack of cigarettes. The sightless stone angel cannot be expected to see clearly, but the relentlessly prideful Hagar just refuses to. " 'You always bet on the wrong horse,' John said gently. 'Marv was your

Different types of Asthma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Different types of Asthma - Essay Example Asthma in children can be hard to diagnose. There are other conditions that can have similar symptoms and sometimes these conditions can be combined with asthma. Some common conditions with the same symptoms are rhinitis, sinusitis, acid reflux, vocal cord dysfunction, and respiratory tract infections, such as bronchiolitis and RSV.Doctors use the same tests to diagnose asthma in children ages 5 and up as they do with adults. The test is called a spirometry, it measures how quickly and how much air your child can exhale. The doctor will also try to find out if the asthma is caused by the child’s allergies. An allergy skin test will be given to check for allergy-causing substances, such as animal dander, mold or dust mites, and observed for signs of an allergic reaction.The doctor will make an asthma action plan and depending on the type and severity of asthma in the child the doctor might prescribe a medication. The purpose of treating asthma is to prevent symptoms and to trea t an asthma attack that is in progress. The goal after treatment is that the child will have little to no symptoms, fewer flare-ups, no limitations on daily activities, and few side effects from the medications.  Long-term medications will be used to treat the inflammation that causes the symptoms of asthma. The doctor would prescribe an inhaled corticosteroid, such as Qvar. Leukotriene modifiers such a Singulair will help to prevent the asthma symptoms for up to 24 hours. Sometimes a medication will be needed that is combined inhaler.

Idealism Against Realism In International Policy Politics Essay

Idealism Against Realism In International Policy Politics Essay The history of the modern political science is to a great extent the story of continuing struggle between the two paradigms, the two belief systems on the basis of international order and means of stabilizing international relations. Representatives of one of them, the tradition of which dates back to Stoic philosophy and the biblical postulates of the unity of the human race, the views of the medieval theologian F. de Vitoria and outstanding thinker of the 18th century Immanuel Kant, believe that a stable international order can be built and maintained only in the light of universal moral principles and based on these laws (Pijl 3-34). In practice, this political paradigm the paradigm of political idealism finds its fullest expression in the policy developed under the leadership of President Woodrow Wilson, particularly in his program of permanent universal intergovernmental organization the League of Nations, which was to become a guarantor and an instrument of the new internati onal order after the First World War. Further, the paper covers the idea that the political views of Wilson significantly differed for the postulates of realism and need to become more realist in applying them to the contemporary politics. The main ideas of a paradigm of political realism Wilson opposed can already be found in The History of the Peloponnesian War by the ancient Greek historian Thucydides, the views of the Italian political philosopher Machiavelli, English philosopher Thomas Hobbes in his theory of the natural state, his fellow countryman David Hume, who asserted a theory of political equilibrium, German General Carl von Clausewitz and others (Pijl 3-34). Already in 1932, American theologian R. Niebuhr in his book Moral Man and Immoral Society criticized the pacifism of idealists and their short-sightedness in the face of imminent danger of fascism. A relatively independent branch of this area of political thought in the beginning of World War II becomes geopolitics (by Mackinder, Spykman, Mahan, and others) (Keohane and Nye 72-80). The founding father of the theory of political realism is considered to be the University of Chicago professor Hans Morgenthau. Already the first edition of his book Politic s among Nations. The struggle for Power and Peace in 1948 caused wide interest in science and the political environment not only in the U.S. but also in other Western countries (Pijl 3-34). In contrast to political realists, Woodrow Wilson and other representatives of the idealist direction are convinced that the states are not only non-singular, but also not major international actors. They believe that this role is played by international organizations (in this case, intergovernmental). At the same time, among the main problems of the theory and practice of international politics, realists point out the problems of implementation and protection of national interests, rivalry and balance of power in the global arena, strategies for achieving and maintaining state power (not least in its military dimension), conclusion and revision of interstate unions, depending on changes in the geopolitical (geostrategic) situation, etc. Idealists emphasize the existence of universal, human interests, values and ideals, the inalienable rights of human beings, the need for a comprehensive system of collective security in order to preserve and protect them. And while the political real ists insist that the major international processes are conflicts, the idealists are talking about negotiations and cooperation. Finally, according to political realists, the immutability of human nature and the whole experience of international relations show that the hopes for changing their nature and the creation of a new world order based on the rule of law and respect for the individuals interests are no more than a utopia. Idealists, by contrast, believe in achieving world harmony, the deliverance of mankind from the deadly and devastating armed conflict in the creativity of universal morality and international law (Keohane and Nye 113-142; Pijl 3-34; Mead). However, the confidence in the fact that the United States is intended to serve as an engine for spreading of democracy, free markets and individual freedom is the stable foundation for the interaction of the USA with the world. The fact that such bitter rivals as President Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt equally widely considered American interests in the world, believing that the fate of the United States is inextricably linked to the character and conduct of countries around the world, underlines the prevalence of this ideology. Woodrow Wilson declared that all the nations are engaged in the life of the whole world, whether they like it or not; and thus, anything that affects mankind is inevitably our affair (Kennedy 81-84). Roosevelts idea of the global role of the USA was equally far-reaching; he stated that the country should accept the idea of international morality, and thus, be committed to doing everything possible to achieve fairness and integrity of the humanity as a whole, but should also feel obliged to judge all other nations by their actions in each separate case (Mead). This is, however, a clear evidence that the nature of American foreign policy is determined by serving to ideals, i.e. by incorrigible idealism, which can only be a part of a dynamic and complex process, while American foreign policy must constantly be balanced with sober strategic imperatives. Still, it can be said that sometimes Wilsons idealism was factually combined with the hard realism. For example, regretting over the reports on mistreatment of Armenians by Turks, Wilson resisted loud demands to declare war on the Turks, fearing to endanger the American missionary presence in the Middle East. Indeed, the reluctance of the United States to send American troops to support the nascent Armenian state after World War I contributed to the rapid collapse of Armenia (Mead). The way Wilson conducted the war also ruled out any hint on his starry-eyed idealism, as it was necessary to give effect to the power of the American military machine or the principle of power without limits and without measure proclaimed by Wilson. Thus, in the American involvement in World War I, we can see a strategy built by a hybrid of narrowly defined interests and deep-seated American principles (Kennedy 97-101). But in general, the very name of Woodrow Wilson has become a synonym to American idealism. His intention to make the world safe for democracy stimulated the American community, when the isolationist nation entered World War I. His speeches for self-identification generated deep resonance among nationalists throughout the world, and Wilson himself was considered as practically messianic figure (Kennedy 213-15; Mead). Modern Wilsonians believe that the U.S. should deal with international problems in close cooperation with other states and within the strict framework of international law. U.S. should also promote and disseminate widely the idea of democracy (Fukuyama 55-59). The process of globalization has played in this case the crucial and positive role. Wilsonian ideology is nowadays shared by most congressional Democrats. The modern interpretation of this school (neo-liberalism or transnationalism) is associated with the works of Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. In neoliberal version, the major attention is focused on the processes of interdependence in the modern world and the growing role of non-state actors in world politics. Finally, we should rethink the question of what place should be taken by the spread of democracy in U.S. foreign policy. Perhaps the most false interpretation of the lessons the war in Iraq would be a complete rejection of neoconservative ideas, coupled with a tendency towards isolationism and realism in its cynical interpretation, because as a result, U.S. allies would consequently be friendly-minded authoritarian regimes (Fukuyama 134-37). Woodrow Wilsons idealistic policy, which builds international relations taking into account how other countries treat their own citizens, should generally be recognized correct, but should also be provided with greater realism, that was still lacking at the beginning of the 21st century.

The Impact of World War I and President Wilson on Womens Suffrage Essa

The Impact of World War I and President Wilson on Women's Suffrage On November 11, 1918, the armistice was signed that ended World War I. The Allies, including the United States, had won. The very next year the nineteenth amendment, guaranteeing women the right to vote passed Congress and in 1920 went on to be ratified by the states. The women of the United States had also won. This timing was not mere coincidence. The war had a profound impact on the suffrage movement. It became the central issue in women’s activism for a federal suffrage amendment. In turn, the women used it as a plea and a bargaining chip for the support of politicians, specifically President Woodrow Wilson. Wilson was a pivotal figure in the last two years of the fight for women’s suffrage, 1917 and 1918. It was his influence on suffrage that ultimately won women the vote by his support of the federal amendment as an emergency war measure. Wilson’s support for a federal amendment was remarkable because before the war, he had not considered womenâ⠂¬â„¢s suffrage a federal amendment issue. Other historians rightfully credit Wilson for his all-important support of the federal suffrage amendment. Yet some do not document the evolution of his ideology on the issue, and those who do not go far enough. For years, Wilson had held the position that women’s suffrage was a states’ rights issue. On August 15, 1912, as Wilson was campaigning in Massachusetts, Governor Eugene Noble Foss wrote him to ask about his position on women’s suffrage. The Governor stated that he had been under pressure from local factions of the women’s movement to learn Wilson’s thoughts on the issue. Two days later Wilson responded and spelled it out for the Governor. â€Å"I must s... ...unardini and Steinson clearly shows Wilson’s important influence on the suffrage movement. It even conveys the fact that Wilson had not always supported a federal suffrage amendment, but neither Lunardini nor Steinson goes far enough in explaining the why and the how of his conversion. Through his correspondence with leaders in the women’s movement and other politicians, Wilson abandoned his previous position of suffrage as a state’s rights issue. He came to believe in a federal amendment for a variety of philosophical as well as practical concerns. This conversion and its process were important occurrences in the course of American women’s history. Without Wilson’s support it is impossible to tell how much longer the suffrage battle would have worn on, and his support would never have come about if it were not for all these influences on his evolving ideology.

Discussion Bill of Rights Essay

The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. The Bill of Rights lists freedoms not specifically identified in the main body of the Constitution. These freedoms are freedom of religion, freedom of speech, a free press, and free assembly; the right to keep and bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, security in personal effects, and freedom from warrants issued without probable cause; indictment by a grand jury for any capital or â€Å"infamous crime†; guarantee of a speedy, public trial with an impartial jury; and prohibition of double jeopardy. In addition, the Bill of Rights reserves for the people any rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution and reserves all powers not specifically granted to the federal government to the people or the States. Originally the amendments applied only to the federal government, however, most were subsequently applied to the government of each state by way of the Fourteenth Amendment, through a process known as incorporation. On June 8, 1789 Representative James Madison introduced a series of thirty-nine amendments to the constitution in the House of Representatives. Among his recommendations Madison proposed opening up the Constitution and inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would became part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison’s original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as â€Å"supplemental† additions to it. On December 15, 1791, Articles Three–Twelve, having been ratified by the required number of states, became Amendments One–Ten of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights has had much judicial impact for 150 years of its  existence, but was the basis for many Supreme Court decisions of the 20th and 21st centuries. One of the first fourteen copies of the Bill of Rights is on public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.

Is Performance Related Pay a Proven Path to Improving Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction

Is Performance Related Pay a Proven Path to Improving Employee Performance and Job Satisfaction? Introduction This paper is aimed at understanding whether performance-related pay can lead to improvement in employee’s performance and job satisfaction. In order to answer this question, it is first of all necessary to research the nature of this payment system, analyze the reasons why employers choose it for their organizations. It is also necessary to consider its types and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Then, it will be possible to properly understand the ways, in which performance-related pay influences job satisfaction and performance of the employees. In order to do it properly, results of various studies will be analyzed. In the end recommendation on the choice of appropriate pay scheme will be offered and overall conclusions will be drawn to finally answer the initial question. Performance-Related Pay: Definition and General Features Performance-related pay (PRP) represents a kind of payment system that depends on the employee’s performance. It can be completely or partially dependent on performance and usually it has a form of bonuses over some set sum of money (Heywood and Wei, 2006). There are different variants, on which payment can be based, such as performance of the whole organization, its division, team or individual results. Usually PRP involves the following three stages: development of the criteria, with the help of which employee’s performance will be assessed, defining whether employees meet the set criteria and link the achievements of employees to the payment structure. There can be different performance measures like knowledge, skills and some behavioral indicators. The main arguments for PRP usage is that with its help motivation is increased, as well as cooperation is better established and firm’s results are maximized. The main opposing arguments state that firm’s risks are transferred in this way to the employees, which can affect their performance negatively. Advantages and disadvantages of PRP will be researched in detail in separate sections of this paper. PRP schemes usually vary on the basis of different criteria, such as the area in which business works, the size of the company, different approaches to the choice of employees, etc. Still, it is possible to distinguish the following common features, which are characteristic practically of all the PRP schemes: Performance is usually reviewed regularly (once a year or more frequently) and assessed on the basis of the agreed criteria or standards. This process is called performance appraisal. When the appraisal is complete, usually employees are subdivided into separate groups on the basis of their performance rates. Reward is defined for each group. Reward methods usually vary, but most often they involve a cash bonus and/or salary increase. In order to properly describe the PRP concept, it is also necessary to understand the main reasons driving employers when they decide to implement such schemes into their practice. First of all, in this way it is convenient to identify the company’s problems of underperformance and reward achievements. It is thought that in this way employees will become motivated towards better results and achievement of company’s targets. Objectives are effectively clarified in this way and employees start to better understand the firm’s mission and goals. Flexible payment systems are introduced in this way, while retention and recruitment problems can be effectively solved. Peculiarities of PRP also depend on its types. Every organization has to understand which form is the most suitable in each particular situation and carefully select and develop the PRP scheme. Types of Performance-Related Pay The most widespread types of PRP are the following (McNabb and Whitfield, 2007): Organization-wide incentives. In this type pay levels are usually based on the quantities measured for the whole company. Piecework. In this case each unit of output is paid for separately. One of the most vivid and clear examples is bonuses of football players, who get them for scored goals. Profit-related pay. Bonuses are based on the profit of organization. This type is widespread in the private sector. Payment by output and time. Distinction between the payments by these factors has long been vague and today they are often combined. Individual performance related pay. It is one of the recent developments, in which bonuses are based on appraisal or evaluation of employee’s performance against agreed criteria. Commission. In this case payments are calculated on the basis of percentage from turnover or sales. This type is the most appropriate for sales and other sectors of goods distribution. Measured day work. It is a composite system occurring in a number of forms, but payment depends on the measured output. Merit pay. Bonuses and payment levels depend on the general evaluation of employee’s contribution to the whole firm’s performance. Individual schemes of performance-related incentives are usually aimed at facilitation of better performance of each employee, as it is considered that people perform better if the understand how their actions contribute to the actual sum of money they receive. Group schemes are usually directed at promotion of collective work for objectives achievement. In both cases there are certain advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of Performance-Related Pay PRP has benefits in multiple fields both for employees and employers. First of all, let me describe advantages for employees (Rynes, Gerhart and Parks, 2005): 1) career boost: if effectively implemented, employees with the help of PRP can effectively monitor their own performance and further their careers. For those who perform well it is also possible to back their words up and prove that they deserve bonus or salary increase. 2) rewards: employees usually receive rewards in cash. 3) pay increase: in many cases employees receive minimal wage at first, but with the help of PRP they can considerably increase their profits. 4) satisfaction: the feeling that work is appreciated and rewarded can lead to increase in the level of job satisfaction. For companies PRP has the following advantages (Weibel, Rost and Osterlok, 2009): 1) staff motivation: it is considered that by receiving bonuses for actual results staff will be more result-oriented and motivated. 2) attraction of new talents: usually such approach attracts qualified professionals. 3) staff productivity increase: staff productivity can be significantly increased if appropriate PRP scheme is selected. 4) existing employees don’t leave their jobs: employees who are performing well and are properly rewarded for this are likely to be loyal to the company. 5) goals achievement: by introducing PRP employers encourage people to achieve the company’s goals. Disadvantages of PRP Various studies on PRP revealed problems in different areas. First of all, it is necessary to consider staff moral and motivation. In particular, the major problem is that often PRP schemes are not as effective as they are supposed to be. Frequently in the public sector it is conditioned by cash limits that rewards have, owing to which the amount of offered money just cannot motivate employees enough. Moreover, if managers are not properly trained or when communication is inadequate with staff, it can negatively influence the employees’ morale. PRP influence on employee performance will be further developed in a separate section of this paper. The fact that PRP schemes usually depend on individual worker’s appraisal, which is often performed by the line managers, here personal favoritism and bias can influence results of payment decisions. If employees think that their work is evaluated unfairly, it can bring about negative results, such as decrease in performance not only of the offended individual, but also of the whole organization. Short term focus in this way is promoted and team work is undermined, which can lead people to believe that their pay doesn’t depend on performance, but instead – on the skills of establishing connection with supervisors. Among the other disadvantages that researchers found there is a fact that PRP accentuates differences between the highest and the lowest paid workers (Lazear, 2000). It is also often difficult to design proper objectives so as all employees considered them to be fair and realistic. The measures of performance, especially in the case of individual incentives programs, are often costly to implement. It is often difficult to choose appropriate time frames for the rewards, as if they are too long-term, they can be not enough motivating for employees. If they are too short-term, it can contradict the interests of the organizations. If PRP schemes are not properly designed, they can interfere with the other company’s programs and initiatives. It is also possible to define certain drawbacks for individual and group PRPs separately. Thus, the first variant is problematic, as work team’s output can exceed the amount of individual contributions. It is also difficult to properly evaluate each employee’s contribution into the overall firm’s performance. Individual PRP schemes can also be implemented in inconsistent and arbitrary manner, which is why unhealthy competition can be facilitated, reducing output levels. It was also defined that work where continual changes are required can considerably suffer from PRP schemes, as employees’ resistance to changes often increases, as those who already have bonuses and rewards understand that after changes this can stop. As for the PRP schemes based on group incentives, their main disadvantage is occurrence of the so-called free rider problem (Che and Yoo, 2001). It happens because individual’s lack of contribution can have little effect on the general result. Thus, a person can do practically nothing for company’s advantage, but still receive rewards owing to increased efforts of the rest of the staff. PRP Impact on Employee Performance There have already been conducted numerous researches on the actual influence PRP schemes have on increasing employees’ performance. Their results often contradict one another, as rather often it is discovered that such schemes have absolutely negative impact, while other show considerable improvements in this area. It can be explained by various reasons, such as research of the firms with improperly selected PRP schemes and other peculiarities. For example, one of the studies conducted Ariely et al. (2005) showed that PRPs are effective only if purely mechanical work is involved. When at least rudimentary cognitive skills are required, the performance decreases significantly. If we take into account the drawbacks described in the previous section, it becomes clear, why employee’s performance can be negatively affected by PRPs. Still, studies that mainly focus on middle income countries often prove that PRP schemes are very effective in terms of increasing performance (Muralidharan and Sundararaman, 2011). It can be explained by the fact that participants and authors of these studies are more concerned about signaling function that PRP schemes perform for the public (that lazy workers are punished). Maybe they are just more oriented towards the benefits PRP schemes have (Marsden, 2009). If the results and conclusions of various studies are analyzed, it becomes absolutely clear that more research is needed. One of the recent retrospectives by Perry et al. (2008), which covers 57 studies on this issue, shows that in order to get a clear picture, it is necessary to move beyond the simple evaluation of employees’ perceptions and attitudes. PRP Impact on Job Satisfaction Different studies were conducted to establish how PRP influences job satisfaction level of employees. In particular, there were defined particular factors that positively influence job satisfaction. Among them there is a statement that employees enjoy work environments were their productivity is properly rewarded, which considerably increases their optimism. High-performance workplaces also contribute to the sense of employees’ belonging, commitment and esteem. Studies by Bauer (2004) and Goddard (2001) in particular show positive connection between PRP and high job satisfaction level. Still, there are reasons that account for PRP negative influence on employee satisfaction. The main reason is inappropriately selected or realized PRP scheme (Clark, 2001; Frey and Jegen, 2001). If workers feel dissatisfied with the fairness of bonuses distribution, or other aspects, described in the PRP disadvantages section of this paper, it is impossible for them to be satisfied with their workplace. The fact that such schemes can be implemented only as disciplinary measures, which in reality will result in the increased work effort and lower satisfaction, also accounts for negative influence. In a study conducted by Green and Heywood (2008) many separate dimensions of job satisfaction problems were analyzed and determined. As a result, evidence was provided that on the whole PRP tends to increase employees’ job satisfaction and security. One of the concerns analyzed in the study is that PRP leads to work intensification, which can result in employees’ dissatisfaction with work. Still, in this study no such concerns were backed up. Still, the authors of the study state that their results shouldn’t be interpreted so that job satisfaction will definitely increase along with PRP schemes introduction, as results will differ on the basis of the selected schemes and their appropriateness in each particular case. Recommendations on PRP Schemes Choice and Implementation The above found results demonstrated how important it is to choose appropriate PRP schemes and to realize them wisely. Thus, it is possible to offer the following recommendations on how to choose and implement schemes so as to increase job satisfaction and performance of employees: Transparency. At all the levels (collective and individual) the process of appraisal and rewards distribution should be clear and transparent. Negotiability on design and objective. From the very beginning employees should participate in the development of criteria of future assessment and all the other important features. Piloting. In order to make sure that the scheme is effective, it is necessary to have it piloted, Training. Management and workers should receive appropriate training. Adequate appraisal. Managers should always have enough time for appraisal. Fairness in operation. Scheme realization process should be fair and clear for the staff. Realistic goals. It is necessary to define goals and objectives that can be really achieved. System explanation. It is necessary to ensure that the PRP scheme is clear for all the employees and managers. Conclusions As a result of research conducted in the course of this paper writing, various studies on PRP were analyzed. With their help, it became possible to properly analyze the PRP schemes, define their types, advantages and disadvantages. The main pros of this payment system are employees’ increased motivation and performance. What is interesting, there was discovered that the main drawbacks lie in the actual decrease of these indicators, which is related to the possibility of inappropriate choice of the PRP scheme.